The illegal drug trade in Southeast Asia: Growing or Slowing?

Everyone today seems to have some Idea of the drug trade south of the US border or perhaps Afghanistan. However, If you were asked about where the drug trade in Southeast Asia is going? If you replied with a sense of complete confusion, you would be totally forgiven. A changing political climate in two of the major countries in the region, Myanmar (formerly Burma) and Thailand both seem to strangely and contradictorily give both a boon and bust to the trade of Narcotics in the region. In the case of Myanmar the situation seems to at least nominally improving on the face of things. A new move towards democracy hopefully means more involvement by the international community in curbing Myanmar’s narcotics problem. Even on a smaller level, the people seem to be taking the action of fighting illegal drugs into their own hands. However the many reforms the government in Myanmar have been taking to create a more liberal-democratic state seem to be aiding the drug trade as the numbers of methamphetamines being shipped out of Myanmar to neighboring Thailand have increased, seemingly with the help of military units trying to achieve ceasefires with multiple ethnic resistance groups.  The expansion of production among these various groups looks to exacerbate the problems, much to the disdain of Myanmar’s neighbors. Most of these drugs then find their way to Thailand where political changes don’t really sit right. The current leader of the military Junta that controls Thailand (which took control in a coup in 2014), General Prayuth Chan-ocha, shows strong indications of illegal activities and corruption. In the General’s defense, corruption in Thai security forces stemming from the drug trade, looks to be a common occurrence with little sign of slowing,  especially as the Junta struggles to revert back to democracy. The end results seems to keep the infamous “Golden Triangle” region of drug production and trafficking alive and well for years to come.

http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/myanmar-clamps-down-on/2538980.html

http://www.mmtimes.com/index.php/national-news/nay-pyi-taw/19116-anti-drug-vigilantes-turn-to-the-nld.html

http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/02/as-burma-reforms-its-narcotics-trade-might-be-worsening/253279/

http://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/22/world/asia/reporting-on-life-death-and-corruption-in-southeast-asia.html?_r=0

The Afghan Opium Trade: The Taliban and the Government

Although almost nearly two years ago, the capture and indictment of a Mullah Abdul Rashid Baluch once the Taliban shadow governor of the ‘Nimruz Province’, has cast a serious light on the evolution and rapidly changing nature of insurgency and its connections with the opium trade in Afghanistan.  Mullah Rashid who was captured after an Afghan special forces team descended on his convoy in July 2014 seizing nearly a metric ton of opium along with other light machine guns, assault rifles and munitions seems to have been just a glimpse of the Taliban’s further involvement in the production and distribution of drugs in and from Afghanistan.  Likewise,  increasingly more senior Taliban leaders are becoming involved directly in the illicit drug trade,  which has made it more difficult to distinguish the group from a drug cartel.  Even the most recent figure to claim leadership of the Taliban–Mullah Akhtar Muhammad Mansour, has seemingly deepening ties and a personal investment in the opium trade; where as head of the tribal Ishaqzai drug trafficking organization, he bought off fellow Taliban dissenters using his own sizable fortune in order to secure his position as leader of the Taliban.

Helmand Province poppy harvestThis recent change in the nature and involvement of the Taliban in the heroin trade has also raised serious concerns in the international community, where the United Nations warned that the Taliban’s increasing involvement in drug trafficking “has real consequences for peace and security in Afghanistan, as it encourages those within the Taliban movement who have the greatest economic incentives to oppose any meaningful process of reconciliation with the new government.”  Notably this increasing Taliban involvement in drug smuggling has stemmed from the sheer profitability of the drug trade compared to other illegal operations such as the smuggling of precious gems and lumber.  Additionally, the lack of income from traditional donors in the Persian Gulf has ultimately forced the Taliban to become more self-reliant financially, which has undoubtedly pushed them more into the smuggling of opium.

However, the large financial incentives of the opium trade do not stop with the Taliban. In the district of Garmsir, Afghani poppy cultivation has become so lucrative that local government officials have imposed a tax on poppy farmers in order to raise revenue for the state.  This tax, similar to what the Taliban does to poppy farmers that it controls, casts an unwanted shadow on the U.S. attempts to establish counter-narcotics programs which have cost more than $8.4 billion over the past fourteen years in efforts to combat the increasing poppy production in Afghanistan which boasts roughly 780 square miles of opium growing operations.

Kabul Opium Trade  Overall it seems that with rising levels of heroin use both in the Afghanistan and in the U.S., the increasingly closer ties between the Taliban, Afghani state officials and their respective opium production and trafficking can only lead to more instability, violence and greater turmoil in the future; and when it comes to establishing a legitimate and stable system of governance in Afghanistan, much work is yet to be done.

 

Leader of Zetas Arrested This Morning

Mexico Drug War Cartel Country

Today Mexican officials arrested Omar Trevino Morales, the reputed boss of the Zetas Cartel. Morales is better known as Z-42 in drug trafficking circles. Omar Trevino Morales was arrested near Monterrey, Mexico sometime this morning. Trevino Morales has been the head of the Zetas since 2013, when his brother Miguel Angel Trevino Morales (Z-40) was arrested. This week the Mexican government has captured two integral components tZ42o their respective crime organization; one being z-42 and the other being Servando Gomez of the Knights Templar drug organization.  This is a huge feat for Enrique Pena Nieto and the PRI, but backlash from both organizations is to be expected considering the inevitable power struggle that will take place.

The Mexican government offered a $2,000,000 USD award for the whereabout of Omar Trevino Morales in addition to the $5,000,000 USD that the U.S. State Department offered. The American interest in Z-42 lies in the fact that much of his organization’s business occurs north of the Mexican border. The Zetas, a fraction of their former selves, still conduct enough illicit business to be of concern to the governments of both the United States and Mexico. Some may argue that Z-42 brought attention to himself with the laundering of funds through the United States by way of purchasing race horses. Z-42’s brother, Jose Trevino Morales was arrested in 2012 for his part in the money laundering scheme.

Given that Z-42, Jose, and Miguel Angel are all incarcerated the Zetas are without a rightful heir to leadership. Internal strife will inevitably make the Zetas appear vulnerable. Given this fact, an inter-organizational dispute can and likely will take place. The Zetas hold a significant territorial claim and if they cannot settle internal leadership disputes their future may be grim. Smaller splinter groupmexican-drug-cartels-map-lgs may replace some activities of the Zetas which will be another complex issue for the Mexican government. Nieto and his new Attorney General, although seemingly successful now, will surely have their hands full with the backlash regarding this arrest.


Text Sources:

Alexander, Harriet. “Los Zetas Drugs Cartel Leader ‘Z-42’ Arrested in Mexico.” The Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group, 4 Mar. 2015. Web. 04 Mar. 2015.

Castillo, E.Eduardo. “Official: Mexico Arrests Zetas Leader Omar Trevino Morales.” US News. U.S.News & World Report, 4 Mar. 2015. Web. 04 Mar. 2015.

Costillo, Mariano. “Reputed Boss of Zetas Drug Cartel Captured in Mexico – CNN.com.” CNN. Cable News Network, 4 Mar. 2015. Web. 04 Mar. 2015.

Watson, Katy. “Leader of Mexico’s Zetas Cartel Held.” BBC News. BBC, 4 Mar. 2015. Web. 04 Mar. 2015.

“Mexico: Head Of Los Zetas Drug Cartel Arrested.” NBC News. NBC, 4 Mar. 2015. Web. 04 Mar. 2015.

Image Sources:

http://www.wired.com/2013/04/zetas-recruitment/

http://www.cnn.com/2015/03/04/americas/mexico-zetas-leader-captured/

http://feraljundi.com/tag/los-zetas/

FRANCISCO RAFAEL ARELLANO FELIX KILLED IN CABO

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Francisco Rafael Arellano Felix. Photo

10/19/13 — Press reports and officials announced the death of Francisco Rafael Arellano Felix, the eldest brother of the nine siblings that make up the leadership of the Tijuana Cartel, also known as the Arellano Felix Organization (AFO).Borderland Beat reports that the killing occurred at around 8pm Friday, October 18 at a child’s birthday party that took place in a beachside cabana of the Hotel Marbella, a luxury resort located just east of El Tule, a popular surf spot between Cabo San Lucas and San Jose del Cabo. According to the same report, the musical group “Los Toritos” was performing at the event, the party was attended by Sinaloan sports figures (including soccer star Jared Borghetti and boxer Omar Chavez), and there were as many as 100 guests in attendance.

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Map of Los Cabos Resorts. Photo: loscabosguide.com.

Most accounts indicate that there was a lone assailant and some say that the subject was shot by a man dressed in a clown suit with a red clown nose. The man reportedly entered the party suddenly and shot the subject once in the head and twice in the chest, fleeing the scene immediately after. The Associated Press (AP) reported that a crime scene photo showed the subject’s body lying on a tile floor and covered by a bloody sheet. The Attorney General’s Office (Procuraduría General de la Justicia, PGR) indicated that one of the Grancisco Rafael’s sons identified the body. Federal, state, and local officials responded to the incident and are continuing to investigate.

http://justiceinmexico.org/2013/10/19/francisco-rafael-arellano-felix-killed-in-cabo/

Venezuela Arrests 3 in Air France Cocaine Haul—WSJ

airfrance2Venezuelan authorities arrested 3 members of the National Guard for their alleged involvement in the smuggling of nearly 3,050 pounds of cocaine to Paris earlier this month, the South American country’s Attorney General’s office said late Sunday. The Venezuelan officers join 6 other people nabbed in France—3 Italians and 3 U.K. nationals—allegedly tied to a drug ring… French authorities uncovered the shipment at Roissy-Charles de Gaulle airport after it was brought over on a commercial Air France flight that departed from Caracas on Sept. 10, Venezuelan officials said. The French Interior Ministry said the cocaine catch is the nation’s largest ever with a street value estimated at $270 million, once the drug is cut and packaged for retail sale. The drug was due to supply… the entire European market. Read more here.

Mexico pursues freed drug lord Caro Quintero—CNN

rafael-caro-quintero(09-05-13) Less than a week after drug lord Rafael Caro Quintero was released from prison because of procedural errors, the Mexican government wants him locked up. The office of the Mexican attorney general late Wednesday said that it has issued a warrant for “provisional detention,” acting on a request from the United States. A Mexican judge signed off on the request. Once Caro Quintero is detained, the office said, the United States will have 60 days to formally request his extradition. Attorney General Jesus Murillo Karam earlier said his office would review the decision of a Mexican appeals court to release the trafficker. Caro Quintero had served 28 years when he was freed Friday because he was tried in the federal system, when his crimes should have been dealt with at the state level. Read more.

Egypt minister warns of terrorism after assassination attempt-Reuters

A man shouts anti-Muslim Brotherhood slogans at the scene of an explosion near the house of Egypt's interior minister at Cairo's Nasr City district(09-05-13) The Egyptian interior minister survived an assassination attempt unscathed on Thursday when a car bomb blew up his convoy and he said afterwards that a wave of terrorism by opponents of the military-installed government was just beginning. The minister, Mohamed Ibrahim, had been involved in overseeing a violent crackdown on supporters of Mohamed Mursi, the elected Islamist president who was overthrown two months ago by the army following mass protests against his rule. Read more.